Steel Casting

Steel Casting

steel casting foundry service

Novelty Structures offer Steel Alloy Casting Services combined with

CNC Machining and Surface Treatment capabilities for various applications.

Various high strength steel castings

Steel Casting Services

steel casting melting process

Steel casting is a manufacturing process where liquid steel is poured into a mold to form a desired shape. This process allows for the production of intricate and durable metal parts, used almost in every industry.

By integrating our casting technology with cutting-edge CNC machining and finishing services, we offer versatile casting solutions for industries.

Steel Casting Alloy Types

Low Carbon Steel (Mild Steel)

Carbon Content: 0.05% to 0.30%

Characteristics
  • Balanced Strength and Ductility: Higher carbon content improves strength and hardness while retaining reasonable ductility.

  • Good Wear Resistance: Suitable for parts subjected to moderate wear and tear.

  • Heat Treatability: Can be heat-treated to achieve enhanced strength and toughness.
Applications
  • Used in components requiring higher strength than mild steel, such as gears, crankshafts, and railway wheels.

Medium Carbon Steel

Carbon Content: 0.30% to 0.60%

Characteristics
  • Balanced Strength and Ductility: Higher carbon content improves strength and hardness while retaining reasonable ductility.

  • Good Wear Resistance: Suitable for parts subjected to moderate wear and tear.

  • Heat Treatability: Can be heat-treated to achieve enhanced strength and toughness.

Applications
  • Used in components requiring higher strength than mild steel, such as gears, crankshafts, and railway wheels.

High Carbon Steel

Carbon Content: 0.60% to 1.25%

Characteristics
  • High Hardness and Strength: The high carbon content results in significant hardness, wear resistance, and strength.

  • Brittle Nature: Higher hardness leads to reduced ductility and increased brittleness.

  • Limited Weldability: Difficult to weld due to the high probability of cracking.

     

Applications
  • Ideal for cutting tools, dies, springs, and other components subjected to high stress and abrasion but not required welding

Alloyed Carbon Steel

Alloyed carbon steel refers to carbon steel that includes small quantities of alloying elements such as manganese, silicon, or nickel to enhance specific properties.

Characteristics
  • Improved toughness and strength compared to plain carbon steels.
  • Enhanced wear and corrosion resistance (although less than stainless steel).
  • Better performance under high-temperature or impact conditions.
Applications
  • Commonly used in castings for machinery parts, construction equipment, and pressure-containing components.

steel casting zoom

Pros and Cons of Casting Iron

Pros

Carbon steel is a versatile material widely used in casting due to its favorable properties. Below are the key features that make carbon steel suitable for casting:

  • Good Fluidity: Carbon steel exhibits good molten flow properties at high temperatures. It enables the casting of complex shapes and ensures proper mold filling.

  • Wide Range of Compositions: Can be tailored to specific needs by adjusting carbon content (low, medium, high). This allows customization for desired strength, hardness, and wear resistance.

  • High Strength and Durability: Carbon steel offers excellent tensile strength and toughness. Ideal for structural and industrial applications requiring robustness.

  • Good Machinability: Low-carbon steels, in particular, are easy to machine after casting. It enables precise finishing and shaping of cast components.
  • Cost-Effectiveness: More affordable than stainless steel and other alloy steels. This reduces overall production costs, making it economical for large-scale projects.
  • Weldability: Low and medium-carbon steels are highly weldable which simplifies post-casting modifications or assembly of cast components.
  • Customizability via Heat Treatment: Properties can be enhanced through annealing, quenching, or tempering. This provides flexibility to adjust hardness, toughness, and wear resistance based on application needs.
  • Good Wear Resistance: High-carbon steel has excellent wear resistance. Suitable for applications like tools, machinery, and dies.

  • Compatibility with Complex Shapes: Carbon steel castings can achieve intricate and detailed designs. This allows production of custom, precision-engineered parts.
  • High Thermal Conductivity: Facilitates uniform solidification of molten metal which reduces risks of defects like porosity or shrinkage during cooling.

Cons

Carbon steel is a versatile material widely used in casting due to its favorable properties. Below are the key features that make carbon steel suitable for casting:

  • High Melting Point: Melts at 1370–1510°C, requiring significant energy. Increases production costs and necessitates heat-resistant molds and equipment.

  • Poor Corrosion Resistance: Prone to rust and corrosion without protective coatings. Requires additional treatments like painting or galvanizing, increasing time and costs.

  • Shrinkage and Warping: Contracts significantly during cooling, leading to dimensional changes. May result in defects like cracks, requiring precise mold design and cooling control.

  • Susceptibility to Porosity: Can trap gases during casting, forming internal voids. Weakens the casting’s structure, necessitating degassing or additional inspections.

  • Difficulty in Casting Thin Sections: High viscosity of molten steel makes it challenging to cast intricate or thin-walled parts. Limits its use in lightweight or highly detailed designs.

  • Brittleness in High-Carbon Grades: High-carbon steels can become brittle without proper heat treatment. Reduces impact resistance and flexibility, especially in heavy-duty applications.

  • High Tendency for Crack Formation: Susceptible to thermal stress cracking during cooling. Requires careful cooling rate control and mold design to minimize defects.

  • Low Resistance to High Temperatures: Loses mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Unsuitable for high-temperature applications without alloying or coatings.

  • Requirement for Precise Heat Treatment: Inconsistent mechanical properties without proper heat treatment. Adds cost, time, and complexity to the casting process.

  • Oxidation During Casting: Molten steel reacts with oxygen, forming oxides (slag). Requires proper slag removal and may affect surface quality and structural integrity.

steel casting parts ready for shipment

Steel Casting Methods

Method Process Applications Advantages Disadvantages
Sand Casting Molten steel poured into sand molds created around a pattern. Large components (e.g., gears, casings). Cost-effective, versatile for complex shapes. Lower surface finish and dimensional accuracy.
Investment Casting Wax pattern coated with ceramic; molten steel poured after wax removal. Precision parts (e.g., turbine blades). High accuracy, excellent surface finish. Higher cost, longer production time.
Die Casting Molten steel forced into a metal mold under high pressure. Small to medium parts (e.g., auto parts). Excellent finish, high production rate. High tooling cost, limited to smaller parts.

Quality Control

1- Raw Material Inspection

Ensure raw materials meet required chemical and physical specifications.

  • Chemical composition analysis (e.g., spectrometers, XRF)
  • Physical inspection of materials
steel casting raw material
mould quality

2. Molding and Core Quality

Ensure accurate molds and defect-free surfaces for casting.

  • Dimensional inspection of molds and cores
  • Surface finish checks
  • Sand testing (grain size, strength, permeability)

3. Melting Process

Achieve proper steel composition and minimize gas or inclusions.

  • Monitor molten steel temperature
  • Analyze chemical composition during melting
  • Degassing and deoxidation
steel casting melting process
casting temperature control

4. Pouring and Solidification

Prevent defects during steel pouring and cooling.

  • Control pouring temperature and flow rate
  • Monitor solidification to avoid shrinkage, hot tears, or segregation

5. Post-Casting Inspections

Identify surface and internal defects, and ensure dimensional accuracy.

  • Visual inspection for surface defects
  • Dimensional checks (calipers, CMM)
  • Non-Destructive Testing (UT, RT, MPT, DPT)
post casting inspection
post casting heat treatment

6. Heat Treatment

Achieve required mechanical properties like hardness and toughness.

  • Validate heat treatment processes (e.g., quenching, annealing)
  • Hardness testing (Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers)

7. Final Surface Treatment

Achieve the desired finish and protect the steel from corrosion or wear.

  • Grinding, machining, shot blasting
  • Coating inspection (thickness, uniformity, adhesion)
steel casting grinding
Hardness Testing

8. Final Inspection and Testing

Conducting mechanical testing to verify material properties and verifying dimensional conformance to blueprints or 3D models.

  • Tensile Testing: Measures strength and elongation.

  • Impact Testing: Verifies toughness under dynamic loads.

  • Hardness Testing: Confirms material hardness.

  • Fatigue Testing: Assesses performance under cyclic loads.

Some Produced Products

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carbon steel casting2
casting foundry products
steel casted part
investment-casting-parts02
carbon steel casting

Steel Casting Applications

Automotive

Engine blocks, cylinder heads, transmission parts, chassis, suspension components, axle housing, and wheels.

Heavy Machinery

Crane hooks, winches, pulleys, excavator parts, dozers, gears, shafts, and machine frames.

Energy

Pressure valves, turbines, pumps, piping systems, and fittings used in power plants, oil rigs, and nuclear reactors.

Railroad

Locomotive components (wheel sets, couplers, axle housings), track components (rail joints, switch components).

Mineral Processing

Crusher parts, mill liners, draglines, cement plant components (kilns, rollers, grinding mills).

Marine

Ship parts (propellers, rudders, hull components), offshore platforms (structural components, casings).

Food & Beverage

Food processing machinery (grinders, mixers, blenders), food handling parts (conveyors, storage bins, tanks).

Chemical

Reaction vessels, reactors, pumps, agitators, valves for chemical plants handling high-pressure and corrosive materials.

Water

Water pumps, valves, filtration systems, manhole covers, and sewer grates for water treatment and wastewater systems.

Architectural

Bridge joints, supports, fasteners, decorative architectural elements (railings, gates, columns).

Recycling

Shredders, crushers, material handling machinery, scrap handling equipment for waste recycling.

Oil & Gas

Drill bits, casings, blowout preventers, pressure valves, safety valves for exploration equipment.

FAQ

What are the advantages of steel casting?2025-03-25T13:23:20+00:00
  • High Strength: Steel castings provide excellent strength and durability.
  • Complex Shapes: Steel casting allows for the creation of complex geometries that may not be possible with other manufacturing processes.
  • Cost-Effective: Once molds are made, steel casting is a cost-effective way to produce large quantities of parts.
  • Versatility: Steel castings are suitable for a wide range of industries, including automotive, energy, and defense.
How do you ensure the quality of the steel castings?2025-03-25T13:23:55+00:00

We ensure quality by using advanced quality control methods such as:

  • Material Inspection: We test steel for composition, hardness, and mechanical properties.
  • Mold Design & Simulation: Our team uses cutting-edge software to design molds and simulate the casting process to minimize defects.
  • Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): We perform NDT methods like X-ray, ultrasonic, and magnetic particle testing to detect internal defects.
  • Dimensional Verification: Each casting undergoes thorough dimensional inspection to ensure it meets the specifications.
What is the lead time for a steel casting order?2025-03-25T13:24:35+00:00

Lead time varies based on the complexity of the part, mold creation, and quantity ordered. Typically, it can range from a few weeks to a couple of months. We provide an estimated timeline after assessing the project specifics.

Can you produce custom steel castings?2025-03-25T13:25:07+00:00

Yes, we specialize in producing custom steel castings based on your specific design and requirements. Our engineers work closely with you to ensure the final product meets your needs.

What is the maximum size of steel castings you can produce?2025-03-25T13:25:35+00:00

We are capable of producing steel castings of various sizes, ranging from small, intricate parts to large, heavy components. Please contact us for details on your specific size and weight requirements.

Do you offer post-casting services?2025-03-25T13:26:59+00:00

Yes, we offer post-casting services such as:

  • Machining: Precision machining to meet tight tolerances.
  • Heat Treatment: Processes like annealing, hardening, and tempering for improved mechanical properties.
  • Surface Finishing: Techniques like grinding, polishing, and coating to improve the appearance and durability of the casting.
What are the typical design considerations for steel casting?2025-03-25T13:43:21+00:00

Design considerations include:

  • Wall Thickness: Uniform wall thickness ensures even cooling and reduces the risk of defects.
  • Draft Angles: Draft angles on the part design facilitate easy removal from the mold.
  • Runners and Risers: Proper placement of runners and risers ensures the mold fills evenly and reduces casting defects.
  • Tolerance Requirements: Ensuring the design meets the required dimensional accuracy.
What is the difference between sand casting and investment casting for steel?2025-03-25T13:43:52+00:00
  • Sand Casting: This is the most common method, where molds are made using sand. It’s cost-effective for producing large parts but offers lower precision compared to other methods. It’s typically used for larger, less intricate components.
  • Investment Casting: This process uses a wax pattern, which is coated in a ceramic shell that hardens. Investment casting provides high precision and is ideal for small, complex, or intricate parts. It’s more expensive but yields finer surface finishes and greater dimensional accuracy.
What types of defects can occur during the steel casting process?2025-03-25T13:44:23+00:00

Common casting defects include:

  • Porosity: Small holes or voids in the casting caused by trapped gases.
  • Cold Shuts: Occur when the metal doesn’t fully flow into the mold, leading to an incomplete fill.
  • Shrinkage: Happens when the metal cools and contracts, often causing voids inside the part.
  • Hot Tears: Cracks that form when the metal cools too quickly.
  • Surface Defects: Scratches, pits, or uneven surfaces that may need additional finishing.

We utilize stringent quality control procedures to minimize and detect these defects.

What are the cost factors for a steel casting order?2025-03-25T13:45:56+00:00

Several factors contribute to the cost of a steel casting:

  • Material Choice: Different steel alloys have varying costs.
  • Casting Complexity: More intricate designs or larger parts may require more time and precision, increasing the cost.
  • Mold and Tooling Costs: The creation of custom molds or tools adds to the overall cost.
  • Quantity: Higher volumes often result in lower unit costs, but small runs may incur higher per-piece costs.
  • Post-Casting Services: Additional processes like heat treatment, machining, and finishing can increase the price.
How is the final quality of a steel casting verified before shipment?2025-03-25T13:45:03+00:00

Each steel casting undergoes comprehensive inspection before shipment:

  • Visual Inspection: To check for surface defects.
  • Dimensional Inspection: To verify that the casting meets the design specifications.
  • Material Testing: We may conduct tensile, hardness, and impact testing to ensure the casting meets the mechanical property requirements.
  • Nondestructive Testing (NDT): To check for internal defects like cracks or voids without damaging the part.

How can we help you ?

Investment Casting is indispensable to various industries and their success depends on the careful selection of contractors.

Novelty Structures stands out as a reliable partner in providing high-quality Casting parts with complementary Post-Casting operations tailored to demanding industrial needs.

Contact our team to further discuss your needs.

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